The Majestic Swamp Deer
The Barasingha (Rucervus duvaucelii), sometimes referred to as the swamp deer, is a remarkable species found in the Indian subcontinent. Let’s delve into its intriguing features and habitat.
Distinctive Traits
- Antlers: Unlike other Indian deer species, the Barasingha’s antlers carry more than three tines. In Hindi, it is designated as “bārah-singgā,” which translates to “twelve-horned.” Mature stags typically have 10 to 14 tines, and some even boast up to 20!
- Appearance: The Barasingha is a large deer with woolly, yellowish-brown fur above and paler shades below. White spots adorn its spine, and the throat, belly, inner thighs, and tail underside are white. During summer, its coat turns bright rufous-brown.
- Size: These deer stand about 44 to 46 inches at the shoulder and have a head-to-body length of nearly 6 feet. Stags weigh between 170 to 280 kg (370 to 620 lb), while females are lighter at 130 to 145 kg (287 to 320 lb).
Distribution and Habitat
- Historic Range: Barasinghas were once common in various regions, including parts of the Upper Narmada Valley and Bastar in India.
- Preferred Habitat: They frequent flat or undulating grasslands, floodplains, marshes, and the outskirts of forests. Occasionally, they venture into open forest areas.
- Current Status: Unfortunately, their population has dwindled due to unregulated hunting and habitat conversion. Today, they are found in fragmented pockets.
- Nepal: Isolated populations exist in southwestern Nepal, primarily in Shuklaphanta and Bardiya National Parks.
- India: Barasinghas can be found in six localities in Uttar Pradesh and in Madhya Pradesh’s Kanha National Park. They’ve also been observed in Chhattisgarh, near Dhamtari.
Conservation Efforts
- Threats: Habitat destruction, deforestation, and drainage of swamps have impacted Barasingha populations.
- Hunting: These deer attract hunters due to their impressive antlers.
- Disease Risk: They are also threatened by diseases carried by domestic cattle.
Conclusion
The Barasingha, with its distinctive antlers and graceful presence, remains a symbol of India’s rich biodiversity. As we continue to protect their habitat, let us appreciate the beauty and resilience of these swamp deer.